Chapter II into the system (Accessing the system)
Translation: hfzheng
E-mail: hfzheng@sohu.com
Be sure to keep the information reproduced translator!
User Account
Each user in the system must have an account, to log system. All user accounts in / etc / passwd file is defined, the file also includes the user to identify unique elements.
Root Account
Root ID and password in the Solaris operating environment settings during installation. This is the system administrator to carry out specific management tasks login account.
/ Etc / passwd file entry
Each / etc / passwd file entry includes the following seven parts:
lLogin ID: Login ID, including the system successfully identified the required login information, login ID is usually the user name, name of the portfolio, such as the user Bob Wood's login ID can be bobw, bwood, woodb. Login ID number must abide by three conditions: no more than eight characters; lowercase characters; unique.
lPlaceholder (placeholder): This is the part that password, password stored in the file / etc / shadow in. / Etc / shadow file contains the encrypted password and the password is invalid information (the so-called password failure message, for example, how many users need to change your password, or passwords will no longer be available), the file only by the system administrator read.
lUID
lGID
l Note: Normally, the user's full name
lLogin Direcotry: as the user's home directory, used to store the user's personal files
l default shell: When the user logs on to the system shell type of work
Login (logging in)
CDE (Common Desktop Environment) Login Manager displays the login screen, is the entrance into the system, you can login screen enter your login name and password
By selecting the Options menu, choose option, you can login from the command line
Options button (option button)
When you select the options button, the login screen will list your login option:
Options
Language
Session
Common Desktop Environment
OpenWindow Desktop
User's Last Desktop
FailSafe Session
Remote Login
Enter Host Name
Choose Host From List
Command Line Login
Reset Login Screen
Language: You can use the options menu to choose for your specific language of the session, the default language set by the system administrator.
Session (session): you can choose your working desktop environment (such as CDE or OpenWindow). FailSafe Session on the workstation desktop to open a simple terminal window, when you just need to access a terminal window for faster implementation of a number of command is useful, do not have to log in and wait for the desktop session starts. You can type exit out of FailSafe Session.
Log in failure when other methods can be considered as a backup log FailSafe Session Method
remote Login (remote login): Remote login allows you to connect to a remote system and open a Remote Desktop login. This action allows you to specify the remote system's host name or select from a list of the remote system.
Command line log: command line login so you can work in a traditional non-GUI mode, the model is not a desktop session, when the system is in the command line login, the desktop is suspended. When you exit from the command line prompt manner, CDE login screen is displayed again.
Restart the login screen: This option allows you to restart the login screen
Log in using the login screen:
Log in to the desktop from the login screen session, do the following:
1, type the login ID (user name) and press Enter or click the ok button.
2, in the password text box, type your password and press Enter or click the ok button.
How the system does not recognize the user name and password, click StartOver button to re-enter your log on information.
Command line log:
1, in the Options drop-down menu, select command line login, the login screen will be replaced by a console prompt;
2, press the Enter username entry access;
3, enter your user name and press Enter;
4, enter your password and press Enter, the password will not appear on the screen.
Password required
Password used to protect unauthorized access, in the Solaris operating environment, user passwords must meet the following conditions:
l 6-8 characters in length;
l includes at least two letters, at least one lowercase letter;
l and the Login ID must be different;
l and the last at least three characters in different code;
l can include spaces.
These conditions can not afford to invalid password on the root.
Change password
Change your password regularly helps prevent unauthorized access.
Way to modify the password in the CDE:
CDE session to modify the way the password with the following steps:
1, from the desktop to open a terminal window;
2, in the shell prompt, enter the passwd command, Enter;
3, when the Enter login password: prompt appears, enter the current password login system, a carriage return;
4, when the Enter new password: prompt appears, enter the new password, Enter;
5, once again enter a new password for the password authentication system;
In the command line to modify the password:
In the command line to modify the password the following steps:
1, enter the passwd command at the prompt, Enter;
2, enter the current password;
3, enter the new password;
4 Enter the new password again enter the password for system verification;
For example:
$ Passwd
passwd: Changing password for user1
Enter login password:
New password:
Re-enter new passwd:
passwd (SYSTEM): passwd successfully changed for user1
$
Protection CDE session
CDE session protection to prevent unauthorized users into the system, there are two ways to protect CDE session:
l lock the screen
l out of session
Lock screen: lock screen can prevent unauthorized users from entering your CDE session, but also keep your session intact. Padlock button on the front panel is used to protect the screen, increase the password-protected. To re-enter your CDE session, enter your password and press Enter.
Out of session: There are two ways out of the session, one is to use the Exit button; another is from the workspace menu, select the log out option.
Use the exit button to exit: exit button on the front panel is used to exit from a CDE session. By default, will display an exit confirmation window, click the ok button to confirm exit, or when the ok button is highlighted, press the Enter key. Home CDE session is automatically saved, the next CDE session can return to the same workspace.
Use the workspace menu exit: exit the menu using the Workspace, right-click the desktop area, the work area from the Options menu, select Exit. By default, will display an exit confirmation window, click the ok button to confirm exit, or when the ok button is highlighted, press the Enter key. Home CDE session is automatically saved, the next CDE session can return to the same workspace.
Basic UNIX commands:
Once you log on to the system, using module 1 "Solaris Operating Environment Introduction" referred to in any way to open a terminal window, Korn shell command line prompt appears in the beginning, that shell is well prepared to receive orders.
For the Bourne shell and korn shell, the default prompt is the dollar sign ($), C shell prompt is the default percent sign (%).
Use the uname command
uname command lists information about the system, by default, type the command will display the name of the current operating system.
Show operating system name
Need to display the name of the current operating system, execute the following command:
$ Uname
SunOS
$
Use the date command
date command displays the current date and time system
Display the date and time
Need to display the date and time, perform the following command:
$ Date
Use cal command
cal command displays the current calendar years.
Show calendar:
Need to display the calendar, the following command:
$ Cal
February 2000
S M Tu W Th F S
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
272 829
Command-line syntax
You can use commands with options and parameters to enhance the functions of command, UNIX command of basic grammar, including:
$ Command option (s) argument (s)
command: the executable (for help system to do)
option: correction command (used to describe what to do)
argument: file name, directory name, or text
Here are some zone option and the argument of the command examples:
$ Cal 2000 (Command and argument)
$ Uname-rpns (Command and multiple options)
$ Cal 12 1999 (Command and two arguments)
$ Banner "hi there" (Command and argument)
$ Ls (Command)
$ Ls-l (Command and option)
$ Ls directory_name (Command and argument)
$ Ls-l directory_name (Command, option, and argument)
Control characters
Through the use of special control characters, you can stop and start screen output, delete the entire command, stop command execution.
To enter control characters in the sequence, press the Control key and press the corresponding character on the keyboard to complete the desired action.
Control-c: termination order
Control-d: directed or exit end of file
Control-q: When the screen is locked out after the resumption of the screen
Control-s: stop screen output
Control-u: remove the command line
Control-w: Delete the last word in the command line
View online documentation
Online UNIX Reference Manual (also known as the man page) on the commands and their usage in detail description. Solaris operating environment includes a manual page. Man command is used to display any given command-line manual pages.
Command format
$ Man command_name
Use the man command with no arguments
You can call the man command with no arguments, such as:
$ Man uname
Reformatting page. Please Wait ... done
User Commands uname (1)
NAME
uname - print name of current system
SYNOPSIS
uname [-aimnprsvX]
uname [-S system_name]
DESCRIPTION
The uname utility prints information about the current sys-
tem on the standard output. When options are specified, sym-
bols representing one or more system characteristics will be
written to the standard output. If no options are specified,
uname prints the current operating system's name. The
options print selected information returned by uname (2),
sysinfo (2), or both.
